Andrology is a specialized branch of medical science focused on male reproductive health, sexual function, and associated hormonal concerns. One of the most significant aspects of andrology is the evaluation and treatment of male infertility, a condition where a man struggles to contribute to conception despite regular, unprotected intercourse for at least one year. Male infertility accounts for nearly half of all infertility cases, making early diagnosis and expert management essential.
Male infertility can result from various causes, including low sperm count (oligospermia), poor sperm movement (asthenozoospermia), abnormal sperm shape (teratozoospermia), or complete absence of sperm (azoospermia). Hormonal imbalances involving testosterone, FSH, and LH may also affect sperm production. Structural problems such as varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum), blockages in the reproductive tract, infections like epididymitis, and genetic disorders can further contribute to infertility. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, stress, lack of sleep, and exposure to heat or environmental toxins also play a significant role in reducing sperm quality.
Diagnosis of male infertility involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, and a semen analysis, which is the cornerstone of evaluation. Additional tests, including hormonal profiling, scrotal ultrasound, genetic testing, or advanced sperm function tests, may be recommended based on individual needs. Identifying the root cause is crucial for designing an effective treatment plan.
Treatment for male infertility depends on the cause and may include lifestyle modifications, medications, hormonal therapy, or surgical correction of anatomical issues like varicocele. In cases where natural conception remains difficult, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as IUI (Intrauterine Insemination), IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), or ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) offer excellent success rates. For men with no sperm in the ejaculate, advanced procedures like TESA, PESA, or micro-TESE can retrieve sperm directly from the testes for use in ART.
Counseling, emotional support, and timely intervention form an important part of managing male infertility, as it can be physically and emotionally challenging for couples. With modern advancements in andrology and reproductive medicine, most men with infertility concerns can achieve successful outcomes with the right guidance and treatment.
This comprehensive, compassionate approach ensures that couples receive the highest standard of care on their journey toward parenthood.
